The lecture examines the ecclesiastical dimension of the war in Ukraine. The Russian Church emerges as a supporter of the Russian state and a proponent of the “Russkii Mir” idea (Russian World), which tries to fill the vacuum left by the defunct Communist party, but also appears as a form of civilizational nationalism with clearly messianic character that includes a full-scale criticism of human rights, promoting an active collaboration with the far right at international level. Many Orthodox Christian scholars have raised their voices against these developments, authoring the “Declaration on the Teaching of the ‘Russian World’ (‘Russkii mir’)” that denounces the religious ideology behind Vladimir Putin’s invasion and repudiates the Russian Patriarch’s support for the war in Ukraine. The “Declaration” represents the emergence of a new generation of Orthodox theologians, characterized by its renewed interest in political theology, the rejection of anti-Westernism and a more constructive relationship between Orthodoxy and Modernity, including awareness about globalization, multicultural and pluralistic societies, along with the reality of religious and cultural otherness.